Suchergebnisse

Les politiques industrielles menées au sein de l'industrie sénégalaise peuvent être réparties dans le temps. Elles ont commencé depuis l'indépendance et comprennent essentiellement les politiques industrielles d'avant 1986 (avec les politiques de substitution à l'importation et de promotion de la création des PMI), la Nouvelle Politique Industrielle (NPI) de 1986 et la Politique de Redéploiement Industriel (PRI) à partir de 2004. Le secteur industriel sénégalais a connu aussi des politiques industrielles sous régionales, régionales et internationales.

The European Industrial Policy
Europe's industrial policy first appeared as a sectorial one when the European Coal and Steel Community was put in place. This highly interventionist institution proved efficient in managing the « life-cycle » of the coal and steel industries. It very quickly met with some difficulties when trying to enlarge its scope. Some of its creators relied upon the implementation of the competition's rules defined in the Rome Treaty and more generally of the Common Market. They thought those would prove enough of an incentive for european businessmen to strive towards the appropriate scale and level of productivity. However, requests for more interventionism appeared inside some of the Community's institutions during the 70's. Results were limited because few means were attached to these goals while each country tended to push its national champions forwards. Space and aircraft were two brilliant exceptions to that rule; it should be noted though that a european interest had actually been recognised but that the Community took little responsibility in the action. During the early 80"s the Community's industrial action was further weakened as the anti-interventionist mood gained strength. Competition was enhanced, industrial policy reduced; State aids were closely watched, and industrial concentration opposed.
In the early 90's a new equilibrium is sought, as can be seen in the 1990 White Paper on industrial policy and in the Maastricht Treaty. The latter, without actually calling for a Community's industrial policy, opens new fields for industrial action. The basis for such an action is still unclear. In strategic sectors, national policies have already evolved towards more flexibility and decentralisation. Efforts are repeatedly being made to avoid two dangers: an inexistent industrial policy, the duplication on the Community's scale of national interventionism. One original way to get out of this dilemna is to mix policies dealing with technolgy and competition; but it is obviously unable to solve all the problems met by firms in a global world. Progress should be made in the definition of an effective policy of industrial cooperation. Financial and legal tools should be used to modify the relationships between public and private economic actors engaged in ambitious projects. Theoretical basis for such policies are beginning to appear; they focus upon the immediate needs of competition and its long-term dynamics. Such theories help in defining the goals towards which public intervention should tend and the tools it could use, bearing in mind that each specific sector calls for a specific combination of objectives and means.

Le mythe d'une société post-industrielle est à revoir : secteurs secondaire et tertiaire sont en réalité imbriqués. Pour retrouver un dynamique, il faut entreprendre une politique industrielle au niveau européen consciente des opportunités, des défis et des contraintes de son époque : une « réindustrialisation verte ».